What causes gum disease?

Gum disease, also known as periodontal disease, is caused by the bacteria found in plaque. Plaque is a sticky film that forms on the teeth and gums when bacteria in the mouth combine with saliva and food particles.

When plaque is not removed through regular brushing and flossing, it can harden into a substance called tartar or calculus. Tartar cannot be removed by brushing alone and requires professional dental cleaning.

The bacteria in plaque and tartar produce toxins that irritate the gums, leading to inflammation and infection. Over time, this can cause the gums to pull away from the teeth, forming pockets that become infected.

Other factors that can increase the risk of gum disease include:

• Poor oral hygiene: Inadequate brushing and flossing can contribute to the development of gum disease.
• Smoking: Tobacco use weakens the immune system and makes it harder for the body to fight off infections, including gum disease.
• Genetics: Some people may be genetically more prone to developing gum disease.
• Certain medications: Certain medications, such as anticonvulsants and immunosuppressants, can increase the risk of gum disease.

Regular dental check-ups and cleanings, along with good oral hygiene practices, can help prevent gum disease.